The Titans of Civilization: The People Who Shaped the World - Sykalo Eugen 2023

Hillel the Elder

Hillel the Elder (c. 110 BCE — 10 CE) was a renowned Jewish sage, scholar, and leader during the Second Temple period in Jerusalem. He is remembered for his wisdom, teachings, and contributions to Jewish ethics and law. Hillel's influence continues to resonate in Jewish thought and tradition. Here are the key facts about Hillel the Elder:

Early Life and Background:
- Hillel was born in Babylon (modern-day Iraq) and later moved to Jerusalem, where he became a prominent figure in the Jewish community.
- He is believed to have descended from the tribe of Benjamin and was of Babylonian origin.

Study and Poverty:
- Hillel faced financial challenges and often struggled to afford the fees required to study under esteemed rabbis.
- Despite his poverty, his determination and passion for learning led him to eventually become a leading scholar.

Philosophy and Ethics:
- Hillel is known for his emphasis on ethical teachings, promoting values such as compassion, humility, and kindness.
- One of his famous sayings encapsulates his ethical approach: "What is hateful to you, do not do to your fellow."

The House of Hillel and the House of Shammai:
- Hillel and his contemporary, Shammai, were two prominent scholars who established their own schools of thought.
- Hillel's teachings often contrasted with those of Shammai's, with Hillel generally taking a more lenient and compassionate approach.

Three Questions:
- One of the most well-known stories about Hillel involves his response to a potential convert who asked to learn the Torah while standing on one foot.
- Hillel's famous response was, "What is hateful to you, do not do to your fellow. That is the whole Torah; the rest is the explanation. Go and learn it."

Humility and Tolerance:
- Hillel's teachings emphasize humility and patience, qualities that have become synonymous with his name.
- He advocated for a more inclusive approach to Judaism, welcoming people from different backgrounds and perspectives.

Sabbath and Ethical Precedence:
- Hillel is known for his interpretation of Jewish law related to the Sabbath. In one instance, he allowed a convert to carry a burden on the Sabbath in order to prioritize the person's well-being.

Impact and Legacy:
- Hillel's teachings and interpretations have significantly influenced Rabbinic Judaism and Jewish ethics.
- His emphasis on compassion, humility, and inclusivity has left an enduring mark on Jewish thought and practice.

Passing Away:
- Hillel the Elder passed away around 10 CE in Jerusalem.
- His teachings and legacy continue to be studied, respected, and followed by Jewish scholars and communities.

Hillel the Elder's wisdom, compassion, and ethical teachings have had a profound and lasting impact on Judaism. His approach to interpreting Jewish law with a focus on empathy and humility has shaped the way many individuals view their responsibilities towards others and the divine.